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Cytokines: Powerful Communication Molecules
Cytokines: Powerful Communication Molecules
Cytokines are powerful communication molecules capable of regulating a wide spectrum of biological functions, including a crucial role in the immuno-pathogenesis of disease. Two general constellations of cytokines are associated with functional immune responses. These are classified as either TH1 or TH2 and can be distinctly observed during disease.
Cytokine
Disease*
TH1
IL-2
Interleukin-2
Inflammation
IL-12
Interleukin-12
Autoimmune diseases (RA, MS, IDDM), tumor, Graft vs. Host Disease, Infections, HIV, Glomerulonephritis
IFN-γ
Interferon-γ
Inflammatory diseases (infection, Dermatitis), autoimmune diseases (RA, MS, IDDM, SLE), tumors, Hepatitis B and C
TNF-α
Tumor necrosis factor-α
Inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases (RA, IDDM, MS, CD), Psoriasis, chronic Hepatitis B and C, SLE, tumors, chronic lymphatic Leukemia, Schizophrenia
TH2
IL-4
Interleukin-4
Asthma, Allergy, Malaria, Hepatitis C
IL-5
Interleukin-5
Asthma, Allergy
IL-6
Interleukin-6
Inflammatory diseases (viral and bacterial infection), autoimmune disease (RA, SLE, etc.), Schizophrenia
IL-10
Interleukin-10
Autoimmune disease, IgE-mediated Asthma, Hepatitis B and C, IBD, Septic shock, mostly during recession of diseases
IL-13
Interleukin-13
Asthma, Allergy, COPD
GM-CSF
Granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating Factor
Inflammation (bacterial infection, Asthma), autoimmune diseases, toxic shock
TH17
IL-17
Interleukin-17
Inflammatory diseases (inflammatory airway diseases), autoimmune diseases (RA, MS, Crohn’s Disease, etc)
Other
IL-1β
Interleukin-β
Inflammatory diseases (Periodontitis, Colitis, IBD), autoimmune diseases (RA, IDDM, MG), Schizophrenia
IL-7
Interleukin-7
Osteolytic Cancer, Lymphopenia, high in untreated advanced HIV patients and in those who fail to respond to HAART therapy
IL-8
Interleukin-8
Autoimmune diseases (RA, Crohn’s disease), Uveitis, Colitis, acute inflammatory diseases
G-CSF
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor
Autoimmune disease, IgE-mediated Asthma, Hepatitis B and C, IBD, Septic shock, mostly during recession of diseases
MCP-1
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
Inflammatory diseases (Glomerulonephritis, Allergy), Atherosclerosis, Neoplasm, human immunodeficiency infection, autoimmune diseases (RA, MS), Alzheimer’s disease
MIP-1β
Macrophage inflammatory protein-β
Acute infections such as bacterial Sepsis, Plasmodium, HIV, lung disease- Sarcoidosis, autoimmune diseases (RA, MS), Colitis, Asthma
TGF-1β
Transforming growth factors-β
Inflammation, wound healing, bone formation, fibrotic conditions, carcinogenesis, immunosuppressive disorders, neurodegenerative disease, coronary artery disease, SLE, RA
*This chart is not to be used for diagnostic purposes. This is only for general information on the role cytokines might play in human disease.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
IL-1β , IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, IFN- γ, TNF-α
Anti-inflammatory cytokines
IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β
Chemokines
IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1β
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